of employer provided training. We demonstrate that high product market competition is associated with increased training …

likelihood of receiving employer provided training. Using unique linked employer-employee data from Germany, we confirm that … employees are more likely to receive training when their jobs are characterized by greater decision-making autonomy and task … variety, two essential elements of flexibility. Critically, the training associated with workplace flexibility does not simply …

This paper surveys the emerging economics literature on the relationship between employee training and firm performance …. Most studies find very high returns to training, at least from the perspective of firms, indicating that the costs of … training can be recouped in short periods of time. These results follow from different identification approaches, including …