The aim of this paper is to investigate an underpinning of the conventional maritime economics, supply-demand framework, and measurement of shipping services in particular. The ton–mile metric is frequently employed as a measure of demand in both academia and professional readings. On the...

The aim of this paper is to investigate an underpinning of the conventional maritime economics, supply-demand framework, and measurement of shipping services in particular. The ton-mile metric is frequently employed as a measure of demand in both academia and professional readings. On the other...

Background: Autonomous ships have the potential to increase operational efficiency and reduce carbon footprints through technology and innovation. However, there is no comprehensive literature review of all the different types of papers related to autonomous ships, especially with regard to...

Background: The global logistics industry is facing looming challenges related to labor shortages and low-efficiency problems due to the lack of logistics facilities and resources, resulting in increased logistics delays. The Physical Internet is seen as a way to take logistics into the next...