No Abstract

The Kyoto Protocol agreed on in 1997 allows some flexibility for developed countries in their implementations of their commitments to reduce emissions of CO<INF>2</INF> and other global warming gases. In particular developed countries may receive emission credits for facilitating international cooperation...</inf>

No Abstract

In the past decade the share of cooperative R&D has increased. In this paper, using a case study of the forest industry in Canada, the antecedents of cooperative R&D and the forms it take are investigated. We show how market failures are corrected in the industry largely through industry wide...

R&D alliances and previous experience with the sharing of intellectual property rights are expected to have significant effects on joint patenting by alliance partners. Although so far un-researched, this is both an intuitively and theoretically appealing subject because joint patenting could...

This paper explores two key research questions: (1) what are the growth trends of international research and development (R&D) collaborations in China; and (2) what factors determine the choice of international R&D alliance objectives in terms of a research or development orientation? It examines...

This article examines the effects of knowledge sharing or endogenous spillovers among R&D consortia participants on R&D competition when R&D enhances a firm's absorptive capacity. A three-stage model illustrates how different compositions of R&D consortia affect endogenous spillover rates and...

It is well known that many of the manufacturing practices advanced in Japan in the 1970s and 1980s emphasize bottom-up decision processes characterized by teams, the empowerment of multi-skilled workers on the shopfloor, demand-pull and horizontal decision mechanisms. These practices include...

The boundaries of the firm are an important issue in relation not just with the make-or-buy decision in production but also with research and development (R&D). Firms depend on universities to gain scientific knowledge, outsource some of their R&D works, purchase patented technologies,...