In the past two decades many organizations have turned to other organizations to satisfy their information systems needs. Information systems outsourcing arrangements cover the spectrum from agreements involving the delivery of all information services to those providing specific services such...

Every organization controls its investments in the development and maintenance of internal knowledge (IK) as opposed to outsourcing this effort, namely, consuming external knowledge (EK). A number of factors involved in this decision, such as the IK learning curve, its associated holding cost,...