, in the course of evolution. The probability of the event depends on the time the gene stays under the same mutation …The two main mechanisms generating the genetic diversity, mutation and recombination, have random character but they … its structural composition means that the gene could be forced out of these limits by the directional mutation pressure …

Viral load is examined, as a function of primary viral growth factor (Pg) and mutation, through a computer simulation …-competent to immuno-deficient state. The critical growth factor (Pc) seems to depend on mobility and mutation. The stochastic … growth due to mutation is found to depend non-monotonically on the relative viral load, with a maximum at a characteristic …

stochastic model that allows for an exact computation of the distribution of the waiting time for a second mutation. This models …

evolution of OSM road networks in Beijing, China, from four aspects. First, findings from general analysis indicate that (1) the … indicate that (5) OSM road networks resemble the growth of real road networks and are undergoing an evolution process depicted … evolution process of continuous strong exploration accompanied by weak densification. …

of earthquake networks. On observation of the evolution of the maximum coreness, it is found that it has some sudden …