Policymakers often seek to limit energy prices following market shocks, and instead issue public appeals to reduce demand. This article presents new evidence on how price changes and conservation appeals affect energy consumption, using household-level data from California's energy crisis during...

This article analyzes R&D policies when the returns to cost-reducing and demand-creating R&D are imperfectly appropriable and market structure is endogenous. We generalize previous characterizations of appropriability to permit the possibility that own and rival R&D are imperfect substitutes. We...

When retail dealers carry only one product line, the size of the dealer margin is crucial in the success of both the manufacturer and the dealer. This article proposes a successive monopoly model of patterns in exclusive dealer and manufacturer margins across a product line. The predictions of...