[eng] This article highlights the considerable loss of monetary and exchange rate sovereignty implied both by the the process of monetary integration in Europe and by the liberalization of capital flows wor- Idwilde and among European countries. A first section reviews the monetary history of...

[eng] Rethinking on International Aids for Eastern Europe The transition of the Eastern European countries toward market economies will be longer and more difficult that what had been initially imagined. The collapse of the communist system was generally accompanied by violent therapies...