Since the Korean War of 1950-53, the security architecture of the region previously referred to as the 'Asia-Pacific' has been based on a US-led system of bilateral alliances known as the 'hub-and-spokes' system. A multilateral system of collective defence, similar to NATO in Europe, has not...

Diversifying Germany's bilateral partnerships in the Indo-Pacific is one of the central goals of German policy. On the one hand, this diversification aims to reduce economic dependence on China, and on the other - in the context of systemic rivalry with authoritarian states - to bring about...

Supporting regional integration processes within the context of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) is an integral component of Brussels' strategic interest in South-East Asia. Hereby, Indonesia - regional primus inter pares and self-proclaimed driver of regional integration - is...

Southeast Asia is arming massively. In the past decade, military spending by the region's states has risen by 57 percent on average. China's increasingly aggressive behaviour in the Pacific is frequently cited as the trigger for this leap in arms purchases. However, as this study will show,...

More and more states and regional organisations employ the term 'Indo-Pacific'. It is increasingly supplanting the previously common term, 'Asia-Pacific'. In Europe, only France has so far presented its own 'Indo-Pacific' concept. The term 'Indo-Pacific' is used to refer to various, sometimes...