This paper displays a list of the typical activities that academics involved in Iranian science and technology policy undertake in a day. Since the research and its environment is embedded in the society and interacts strongly with policy-makers, and is not in some isolated laboratories, this...

In recent decades, the roles of government have changed greatly and consequently systems of national planning have also changed. Governments still have roles but they must play soft roles and therefore, they need new tools for these new roles. This paper proposes a model to make it possible to...

This article offers a method for formulating government strategies for improving and strengthening national innovation systems in particular for the developing countries. For this purpose, the SWOT (strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, threats) analysis (as an instrument for examining the...