Using a sample of U.S. firms spanning 2001-2008, we examine whether female directors or nonexecutive female directors or female audit committee members affect auditor choice and audit effort measured by audit fees. After correcting for selectivity bias and controlling for other known board, firm...

For a sample of clients of Big 6 auditors representing years 1993 through 2001, we examine whether the length of auditor-client relationship is associated with lower conservatism, i.e., the timely recognition of economic losses. The recent spate of accounting scandals has underscored the need...