A visual approach to measuring implicit personality systems is explored in this article. Sixscales, consisting of optical stimuli (“icons”), were developed by conducting factor analysesusing data from 3 studies with more than 70.000 participants. Internal consistencies and...

The paper presents univariate and panel unit root tests for gasoline and oil price convergenceover the last decade. We test for the absolute versus relative version of the LOOP andestimate the speed of convergence as well as its development over time...

Although immigration of workers generates a positive externality on members of domesticpension systems...