Considers the nature and extent of sales promotion activity. Examines promotions as a method of protecting a brand in the future, various promotion techniques, and how to prepare for the growth of a promotion. Surmises that the trends that have made promotion so prevalent will continue, so...

Purpose – This article aims to report on research conducted inside British national media organisations. The research was designed to investigate the impact on the working practices of journalists of the process of production convergence – the trend towards news reporting in more than one...

Purpose – Increasing numbers of consumers are expressing concerns about reports of questionable corporate practices and are responding through boycotts and buycotts. This paper compares competing theories of consumer empowerment and details findings that examine the applicability of the theory...

Examines the marketing concept (MC) and its foundation of customer orientation. Proposes that the General Electric Company promulgated MC and that this followed the Second World War, before being accepted formally by academics. States that the two major concepts are: that consumers know what...

While numerous classifications have been proposed to differentiate goods from services, equivalent research on classification systems that could be used both for goods and services has not been explored. Today, in many instances, consumers can select either a physical good or a service to...

Considers benchmarking to be an important decision making tool for marketing executives. Describes the value of benchmarking to marketers in improving decision making with respect to the “Four Ps”. Outlines steps for implementing such a program.

Describes the problems that major brand suppliers face in the context of the growing attractiveness of private brands to the retailer and the consumer. Discusses the factors contributing to this growth. Describes the roles that private brands perform for the retailer. Offers model for the...

Risk is indigenous to decision making. Marketing decisions in particular are associated with high risk. This article defines risk, offers insights on how marketing managers may improve their handling of risk, discusses marketers' two key ways of handling risk: various product models and the...