This paper studies the relationship between economic growth (GDP) and energy consumption (EC) by using panel data for 95 countries from 1971 to 2008. The World Bank classification helps us to divide our 95 countries into four income groups of countries: low income group, lower-middle income...

Energy plays a vital role in economic development. It performs a key for sustainable development. Hence, many studies have attempted to look for the direction of causality between energy consumption (EC), economic growth (GDP) and CO2 emissions. This paper, therefore, applies the panel unit root...

This paper analyzes the impact of macroeconomic and institutional determinants on stock market development. Based on a panel data for 14 countries in the MENA region, observed during the period 2006-2015and using a board of instrumental variables techniques, we have found a significant effect of...