The conventional Wilcoxon/Mann-Whitney test can be invalid for comparing treatment effects in the presence of missing values or in observational studies. This is because the missingness of the outcomes or the participation in the treatments may depend on certain pre-treatment variables. We...

Purpose This study aims to examine the evolution of spatial–temporal patterns in China’s hotel industry from 1978 to 2018. Design/methodology/approach A database comprising over 140,000 hotels with more than 30 rooms was created. The exploratory spatial–temporal data analysis (ESTDA)...