Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to investigate the relationship between trade openness and economic growth in developing countries. Under this aim, the co-integration relationship between trade openness and economic growth of 17 developing countries is examined without relying on data...

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to investigate the relationship between trade openness and economic growth in developing countries. Under this aim, the co‐integration relationship between trade openness and economic growth of 17 developing countries is examined without relying on data...

The main purpose of this paper is to analyze the causal relationships between defence spending and economic growth using the Toda-Yamamoto approach to Granger causality test in the case of selected NATO countries for the period of 1949-2006. NATO countries spend biggest proportion of defence...

This paper investigates relationship between economic growth and electricity consumption for Turkey over the period 1974-2004. As economic growth and electricity consumption variables used in empirical analysis was different order of integration ( I(0) and I(1) ) we employed bound test approach....

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to analyze cointegration and causality relationships between spot and futures markets in Turkish foreign‐exchange markets. Design/methodology/approach – The research employs Bounds cointegration test and Toda‐Yamamoto causality test to detect a...

This paper will investigate the causal relationship between oil consumption and GNP. For this purpose, we will investigate the presence of cointegration among the variables and use a vector error correction model to test causality relationship. Empirical results for Turkey over the period...

The main purpose of this paper is to analyze the causal relationships between defence spending and economic growth using the Toda–Yamamoto approach to Granger causality test in the case of selected NATO countries for the period of 1949-2006. NATO countries spend biggest proportion of defence...

The main purpose of this paper is to analyze the causal relationships between defence spending and economic growth using the Toda-Yamamoto approach to Granger causality test in the case of selected NATO countries for the period of 1949-2006. NATO countries spend biggest proportion of defence...