A general argument in support of trade remedies is that they act as an insurance policy that allows countries to take on deeper commitments in trade negotiations than they would otherwise be willing to make. This paper reviews both the negotiating history of major trade liberalization...

Small enterprises are underrepresented in international trade, and have not traditionally been the focus of trade negotiations. However, Internet technology is changing the conditions for international trade, decreasing the negative effect of distance and thereby enabling small enterprises to...

Ethiopia set out – and in large measure achieved – a very ambitious program of economic and social development under its Growth and Transformation Plan I. The scale of public sector involvement was very large: for the five-year Plan period, it called for budgetary government spending and...

While rules of origin (ROOs) constitute an essential element of preferential trade agreements (PTAs), recent analysis of the utilization of preferences shows that even with liberal ROOs, utilization of preferences is often low, especially by smaller exporters. This reflects the high fixed cost...

While antidumping laws were originally developed as the international trade analogue of domestic competition or antitrust policies, most vestiges of competition policy disappeared early in their evolution. Nonetheless, the formal justification for modern antidumping practice remains founded on...

The general understanding of international trade has been transformed over the past decade or so with the now massive body of literature developed in the context of so-called "new new trade theory" which takes into account the heterogeneity of firms and the importance of fixed costs of trade....