In the wake of monetary integration in Europe, Austria abandoned the tested hard currency policy (HCP) for joining EMU as a member. The final target of monetary policy and real sector adjustment needs are similar in both regimes, and the HCP may therefore be viewed as a convenient "training...

This conference volume discusses the pros and cons of early integration into the European Union of Eastern transition countries, given the information available at the turn of the century. The questions posed refer to the structural gap between accession countries (ACs) and the EU, the optimal...

Among the many factors governing migration, education plays a major role, though more in the long run than for short-term floods particularly of irregular migration. Concerning the long run effects, the direction of causation and the slope of the connection are debated in theory. Education not...