This paper focuses on the yen's role as a currency of invoice and financial asset. Further aspects of the internationalisation of the yen (e.g. non-resident borrowing in yen) are not dealt with directly. The relatively small importance of the yen in trade invoicing suggests that the "transaction...

This paper strives to appraise -- in terms of contributions to economic development -- Japan's postwar financial system, a system that has been exposed to a variety of environmental changes over time including globalization. Having been designed to foster growth, the postwar financial system did...

Why is Japan a good case study to help Europe overcome the economic and �nancial crisis that started more than �ve years ago? What can Japan learn from Europe's experience? Japan and the EU are both open economies with signi�cant trade and �nancial links; both face in many...

In this paper, we consider an iteration process of Halpern’s type for finding a common element of the set of solutions of an equilibrium problem and the set of fixed points for a quasi-nonexpansive mapping with perturbation in a Hilbert space and then prove a strong convergence theorem for...

This paper looks at Japan's experience in transforming its financial system. While the country is considered a model of successful Asian economic development, it has encountered many difficulties as introducing market economy. During the 1960s and 1970s, Japan experienced high economic growth,...

After looking back the achievements of financial cooperation in Asia, this paper argues its future direction. Despite recent financial turmoil of "Euro", the financial integration in Europe still has the aspects from which we should learn. The other aspect of the financial integration besides...