In this paper we investigate earnings mobility in Austria from the angle of individual persons: earnings mobility over time has two aspects: positional changes and the volatility of earnings over time. Whereas the further is a positive outcome, more volatility as such can be seen as negative. We...

An important component of the long-run cost of a war is the loss of human capital suffered by children in schooling age who receive less education because of the war. This paper shows that in the European countries involved in WWII, children who were ten years old during the conflict were...