This paper examines the separate productive impacts of direct and indirect exporting to further our understanding of the mechanisms underlying learning‐by‐exporting effects by utilizing a method that allows us to check the robustness of the results to the selection on unobservables. We found...

Firm performance may be enhanced by linkages with academic institutions, other firms, and foreign markets that confer knowledge spillovers as well as internal R&D that creates firm-specific knowledge. In particular, firm productivity and innovation may be enhanced by positive externalities from...

We argue that partnerships are the optimal governance structure for professional service firms (PSFs) based on our analysis of their need for collegial controls, the use of tacit knowledge, and an investigation of agency costs. However, these factors and the resulting choice of partnership as a...