Monitoring by peers is often an effective means of attenuating incentive problems. Most explanations of the efficacy of mutual monitoring rely either on small group size or on a version of the Folk theorem with repeated interactions which requires reasonably accurate public information...

This paper proposes an empirical approach to investigating how the structure of countries' financial and ownership systems and the characteristics of industries relate to industry activity in different countries. Activity is measured in 'abnormal' rather than absolute terms by the growth, fixed...

This paper evaluates the relations between industrial activity and the structure of financial systems, corporate sectors and legal arrangements in different countries. Using data from 20 OECD countries in 27 industries over the period 1970 to 1995, we evaluate whether there is a link between...

This paper examines how foreign ownership affects the investment decisions of subsidiary firms. We find that improvements in the investment opportunities of parent firms have a negative effect on the investment of their subsidiaries, after controlling for the investment opportunities of the...