The pre-crisis growth of Central and Eastern Europe was based on significant external fundraising. The gross external debt of the 11 new Member States last year reached 80 per cent of the GDP, doubling in the course of eight years. The reason for the indebtedness in Baltic and South-East Member...

With regard to home ownership and mortgage lending in Western Europe in general three models are referred to; the main criterion for classification of the types is who the home is owned by and how great a role mortgage lending plays. In Hungary the higher than 90 per cent rate of homes inhabited...

The author analyses the possibilities of substitution between state debt management and state property. He postulates that there are possibilities for substitution over a 2–4-year time span. In the short run, debt can be decreased by spending less on the refurbishment of physical assets, but...

It has been a tradition of state tasks (for 250 years) to focus on financing current expenditures. The task financing system introduced undertakes to fund average current expenditures, with utilisation rules stricter than before. In addition, the features characterising the management of assets...