The economic and financial variables of economic agents determine macroeconomic variables. Current models consider agents’ variables that are determined by the sums of values and volumes of agents’ trades during some time interval Δ. We call them first-order economic variables. We describe...

This study investigates the adoption of mobile payment services during and after the COVID-19 pandemic in Vietnam, aiming to provide insights into the evolving landscape of digital transactions. Through surveys, interviews, and analysis of secondary data, the study examines adoption trends,...

We study the impact of bond exchange listing in U.S. publicly traded corporate bond markets. We find that listed corporate bonds have lower estimated bid-ask spreads than unlisted corporate bonds. Specifically, we show that listed bonds have estimated spreads of $0.14 lower than unlisted bond...

This study analyzes the effectiveness of bank risk management in ASEAN countries and examines the specific role of risk governance in enhancing a bank's risk management effectiveness. Our results show that the risk management effectiveness of banks in ASEAN countries is low. Furthermore, by...

This study investigated the impact of the COVID-19 crisis on firm risk and performance in different country-level governance qualities in the MENA region. Analyzing a sample of 739 non-financial listed firms in 12 MENA countries for the period 2011–2020, we found that the COVID-19 crisis...

Questo contributo esamina il sistema bancario italiano, le sue caratteristiche e la sua evoluzione a partire dalla metà degli anni Novanta. L’Italia ha un sistema bancario con tipologie diverse di istituti di credito e con dimensioni differenti. Dagli anni Novanta la globalizzazione...

The research examines Saudi Arabia's foreign policy against the background of the Syrian conflict. It focuses in particular on religious and historical backgrounds, which are of great importance for understanding developments in the Middle East. Saudi Arabia's changing role in a region that has...

We consider the randomness of values and volumes of market deals as a major factor that describes lower bounds of uncertainty and upper limits on the accuracy of the forecasts of macroeconomic variables, prices, and returns. We introduce random macroeconomic variables, whose average values...

Corporate social responsibility (CSR) has been recognized as a significant contributor to the economy of developing countries. The study uncovers the potential causes of CSR discrepancies in Nigeria, a nation with divergent business prospects, evaluates their implications, and provides effective...