Multifactor productivity (MFP) growth is an imperative economic engine. MFP dynamism across five advanced and seven developing countries from 1996 to 2015 is analyzed, elucidating its association with financing and intangible assets. Debt is manifested by its inverted U-shaped nonlinear...

This paper estimates an entrepreneurial choice model between different forms of business organisation, focusing on the choice to operate as a sole proprietor operating on own account, or as an employer, rather than as a waged employee. ‘Own account’ was the phrasing used through the censuses...

This paper explains the use of weights to adjust the Censuses 1891-1911 for non-response and misallocation bias. The weights themselves are in a separate file available for download. The weights allow adjustment of observations to ‘correct’ values of when using data from I-CeM or the...

This paper extends the reconstruction method developed in WP 9 to identify entrepreneurs 1851-81. Its aim is to identify the individual employers and own-account business people for 1851-1881, where employment status was not explicitly identified in the population censuses. This paper develops a...

In this study, we review the studies on the relation between firms’ efficiency or profitability and their exit. Although we take it for granted that inefficient or unprofitable firms are more likely to exit, which we call the natural selection hypothesis, some theories predict that it is not...

Using firm-level data from Changzhou, one of the representative prefectural cities in the Yangzi River Delta in China, we investigate the performances of both internal and external R&D in high-tech firms. We find that, on average, high-tech firms with more internal R&D expenditure apply for more...

Using firm-level data from Changzhou, one of the representative prefectural cities in the Yangzi River Delta in China, we investigate the performances of both internal and external R&D in high-tech firms. We find that, on average, high-tech firms with more internal R&D expenditure apply for more...

Empirical studies on efficiency of the governance system in agriculture are very rare. That is a consequence of both theoretical and practical challenges. The criteria and approach for assessing social efficiency are still debated while appropriate statistical, accountancy, etc. data for...