The macroeconomic effects on growth, investment and private sector employment of different ways of rolling back the welfare state are analysed. Cutting public spending on private goods induces a lower interest rate, a higher wage, a lower capital stock and a fall in employment. Cutting public...

This paper analyzes the causes and implications of recent financial crises. Financial crises in general lead to changes in both theory and practice of economics. The paper takes an historical overview. The global consensus of economic theory during the 20th century is discussed. The paper...

I relate hours worked with taxes on consumption and labor. I propose a model and compare its predictions for Portugal, France, Spain, United Kingdom and United States. Hours per worker in Portugal decreased from 35.1 in 1986 to 32.6 in 2001. With only the parameters and the taxes for Portugal,...

Fiscal foresight - the phenomenon that legislative and implementation lags ensure that private agents receive clear signals about the tax rates they face in the future - is intrinsic to the tax policy process. This paper develops an analytical framework to study the econometric implications of...

The paper is a primer on EU VAT. It explains the notion of territory, taxable Person, Taxable Transaction, Place of Taxable Transaction, Chargeable event, Taxable Amount, Tax Rates, Exemptions, Deductions and Persons liable for payment of tax

The paper explains why VAT is replacing the old cascading sales tax system all over the world because of the competitive advantage it offers to nations. The paper also goes into other strategic considerations such as the preference of VAT taxation over VAT exemption, and the use of lower VAT to...

This paper reviews experiments in macroeconomics, pointing out the usefulness and the weaknesses of this approach. A substantially large number of macroeconomic issues has been analyzed in the laboratory, ranging from monetary economics to fiscal policy and international trade to name a few,...

We exploit a panel of city-level data with rich demographic information to estimate the distributional effects of Department of Defense spending and its effects on a range of social outcomes. The income generated by defense spending accrues predominantly to households without a bachelor's...

This paper investigates the effects of systematic (or rules-based) and non-systematic (exogenous) fiscal policy changes on output growth in Greece, focusing also on the composition of fiscal policy. Exogenous fiscal policy changes are associated with Keynesian responses (with the exception of...

In this paper, we investigate the relation between public and private consumption, by constructing a general government spending data set, by function, for twelve European Union countries. In particular, we split government consumption into two categories. The first category includes defense,...