Competitive intensity is a level of competition intensification in a market or an industry. This is expressed in various forms and some paper measured the competitive intensity as the number of products that newly released each year in an industry (Putsis & Bayus, 2001). In other paper, they...

Prior studies often examine the effect of inertia on enterprise strategy for attracting new consumers or attacking competitors in an industry. Various sources of the firm act as inertia for the incumbents in the strategy; the most representative example is incentives. For incumbents, large...

Information and communications technologies (ICTs) are developing fast and triggering fundamental changes in education system. This case study focuses on institution building, which can manage such a fundamental transition in education system on a national scale. Following a short introduction,...

In a cluster market, many related and unrelated products or services are sold. Examples of cluster markets are Tesco, Sears, Carrefour, Walmart, JCPenny, and Meijer. Because of certain unique characteristics of cluster markets, studies of cluster market definition have been very scant. This...

This paper pursues three goals. It first discusses why a mix of exclusive rights and open access regimes is the norm in many areas of resource allocation. Arguing that such coexistence can also be expected in spectrum, the paper identifies the determinants of the optimal mix of spectrum...