Since the industrial revolution, growing and active economic activities in urban area have disrupted sustainable material flow balance in the environment, and the imbalance has induced some serious environmental problems. In order to realize proper urban management, taking measures to keep...

The paradigm of laissez-faire economy presumes that economic agents know efficient loci for input-output combinations and rationally act in the market by following their subjective values. Economy is efficiently organized and given dynamic forces to grow at its own risk. As a result, the...