This is the internet appendix for "How Aggressive are High-Frequency Traders". The paper "How Aggressive are High-Frequency Traders" to which these Appendices apply is available at the following URL: "http://ssrn.com/abstract=2326446" http://ssrn.com/abstract=2326446

We consider the effects of quantitative easing on the liquidity of the Swedish government bonds. To capture multiple dimensions of liquidity we use several measures built on a unique and highly granular transaction-based dataset. We find that the Riksbank's purchases of government bonds improved...

This study investigates a novel challenge within the digital economy: scrounging, which entails the exploitation of false identities to capitalize on benefits offered by digital platforms, such as sales promotions and new user incentives. As a form of fraud, scrounging can substantially affect...