The evaluation of economic development level is commonly measured by the growth rate of GDP. However, this single-dimensional measurement may cause potential issue to investigate sustainable economic development and growth model. An alternative framework is introduced to economic development...

There are two types of regional development elements those are namely economic and social terms. While both developing and developed countries initially need to establish regional economic infrastructure, the next concern should be given to the social infrastructure. In local regions, the...

In population declining countries, public services in rural areas face potential problematic issues on the long-run sustainability, which are namely brought by insufficient economies of scale. Since these services play important roles as social infrastructure elements, a disappearance from the...

The optimal formation of regions changes over time, which prompts the question: how can regions survive by expanding their unique competitive advantages? One of two key factors cited in response to this question is competitive economic forces related to economic infrastructure elements. The...

In this paper we analyze the role played by Market access to explain income disparities among Japanese Prefectures for different periods of time. The results of the estimations suggest that 1) Market access plays an important role in the explanation of income disparities in Japan, 2) the effect...