Terrorism plays a pivotal role in influencing the stock indexes of many countries. This research article claims to be first in accessing the asymmetrical effect of multiple categories of terroristic activities on stock indexes in the presence of macroeconomic volatility. This research utilized a...

The study is intended to investigate the symmetrical relationship between macroeconomic variability and KSE-100 indexes by employing the ARDL model with bound testing procedure and error correction model. Authors have also examined whether the linkages between macroeconomic variability and...

This research examines the impact of positive and negative shocks of exchange rate on South Asian Stock indexes by employing a Non-linear Panel autoregressive distributive lag model along with a Panel Asymmetric granger casualty test. For the Panel-NARDL model, the Pre-crisis regime comprises of...

The primary objective of this research article is to investigate the asymmetrical linkages between gold-oil-exchange rates and Bombay stock indexes by utilizing a nonlinear ARDL approach covering the period from April 2003 to May 2020. Time-series data is divided into three different types of...

This study analyzes the trilateral relationship between macroeconomic variables of oil prices, stock market index, and exchange rate to demonstrate their behavior and inter-relationship in the economic setup of Pakistan. The investigated period includes daily time series data ranging from 4...

This research article explores the mediating role of stock market indexes on the link between exchange rate variations and oil prices by utilizing unrestricted VAR. Previously mainstream research only explained the direct dynamism between the two variables. However, any transmission mechanism...

The study investigated that whether the relationship between macroeconomic fluctuations and stock indexes is symmetrical or asymmetrical in nature. This study employed nonlinear autoregressive distributed lag models for the times before and after 2008 economic crises. The overall sample period...

Blockchain technology has been heralded as a game changer for addressing severe environmental and economic sustainability challenges. In response to rising environmental concerns, blockchain technology (BCT) is transforming green innovation, culminating in green economic practices and...

The issue of co-movements is still crucial and arguable in international finance. An optimum and significant level of co-movement is highly desirable to investors, and it mostly depends on investors' decisions (behavior and psychology). We use frequency-time bands and multi-scale-based wavelet...

The conflict between Russia and Ukraine has been causing knock-on effects worldwide. The supply and price of major commodity markets (oil, gas, platinum, gold, and silver) have been greatly impacted. Due to the ongoing conflict, financial markets across the world have experienced a strong...