We study the first-passage time over a fixed threshold for a pure-jump subordinator with negative drift. We obtain a closed-form formula for its survival function in terms of marginal density functions of the subordinator. We then use this formula to calculate finite-time survival probabilities...

In this paper we study the tail probability of discounted aggregate claims in a continuous-time renewal model. For the case that the common claim-size distribution is subexponential, we obtain an asymptotic formula, which holds uniformly for all time horizons within a finite interval. Then, with...

This concise and detailed Handbook addresses some of the most complex issues raised by the implementation of the TRIPS Agreement globally. Among other themes, the Handbook explores the applicability of GATT jurisprudence for the interpretation of the Agreement’s provisions. It also...

A comparative study is undertaken that explores Chinese and Indian pharmaceutical industries under different patent regimes. It is found that relative to India, which had implemented process patent until 2005, China with a product patent regime since 1993 suffers from both lower drug...

A comparative study is undertaken that explores Chinese and Indian pharmaceutical industries under different patent regimes. It is found that relative to India, which had implemented process patent protection until 2005, China with a product patent regime since 1993 suffers from both lower drug...

A method is presented for impact evaluation of dams/sluices on their downstream aquatic ecosystems in the absence of detailed long-sequence ecology ecosystem data. It is based on the analysis of relations between indices of water quality and aquatic organisms. It can be applied to a river...

We introduce a new aspect of a risk process, which is a macro approximation of the flow of a risk reserve. We assume that the underlying process consists of a Brownian motion plus negative jumps, and that the process is observed at discrete time points. In our context, each jump size of the...

The Markov additive process (MAP) has become an increasingly popular modeling tool in the applied probability literature. In many applications, quantities of interest are represented as functionals of MAPs and potential measures, also known as resolvent measures, have played a key role in the...