This paper develops a method for identifying and assessing long-term supply risks for mineral raw materials. The method is based on a combined evaluation of past and future supply and demand trends. By analysing raw material boom and bust cycles over the past 50 years, we have quantified...

A new preorder relation is introduced that orders states of a Markov process with an additional reward structure according to the reward gained over any interval of finite or infinite length. The relation allows the comparison of different Markov processes and includes as special cases monotone...