The socialist calculation debate occurred simultaneously with the development of increasingly idealized neoclassical market models in the early decades of the 20th century. Nonetheless, free market neoclassical economists were conspicuously absent from that debate, leaving the pro-market case to...

Austrian economist Ludwig Mises’s central role in the socialist calculation debates has been consensually acknowledged since the early 1920s. Yet, only recently, Nemeth, O’Neill, Uebel, and others have drawn particular attention to Mises’s pertinent encounter with one of the most colorful...

Adopted in 1793, the Anti-Injunction Act (AIA) has come to symbolize the early republic's concern with protecting state court autonomy from an overbearing federal judiciary. Most modern observers encounter the AIA and its seemingly absolute prohibition of “writs of injunction” to stay state...

Both Rosa Luxemburg and Michal Kalecki utilised Marx’s scheme’s or reproduction as the starting point of their analysis of economic dynamics. However, Luxemburg did not realise that they were not meant to serve as models of capitalist growth, but rather to show that the conditions for stable...

According to Otto Neurath (1919), "Utopias [are to be] set alongside the constructions of engineers, and one might with full justice call them constructions of social engineers...Utopias were relegated to the history of economic theory, whereas they belong to the theory itself, just as the...

The Frankfurt School of Social Research was an offshoot of the orthodox Marxist intellectual movement. Historically, the main force that gave life to Critical Theory is undeniably Karl Marx’s impetus for emancipation, however, in its course of development Critical Theory has abandoned its...

This paper compares Marx's economics with those by Sraffa, Keynes, Kalecki and Minsky. The paper takes an "ex post" view on the matter and rather looks at the output side of the respective authors, but not at the input side. This means no attempt is made at studying in a systematic way, if and...

The political philosophy of pluralism enjoyed great currency in Britain during the early decades of the 20th century, as an alternative to the extreme poles of individualism and collectivism. Positing the existence of multiple types of political allegiances in any society, pluralism questioned...

The paper sketches a coherent history of the choice of the measure standard from Adam Smith's Wealth of Nations to Sraffa's Production of Commodities. As neither the Smithian labour commanded unit nor the Ricardian-Marxian labour embodied one provide a general solution to the dilemma concerning...