This textbook introduces the mathematical models and algorithms utilised in machine learning, covering supervised and unsupervised learning as well as reinforcement learning: In supervised learning we present ensemble models, artificial neural networks, deep neural networks, recurrent neural...

We review the modelling and pricing of American options both in classical mathematical finance and in reinforcement learning (RL). Some of the main difficulties when pricing an American put option with reinforcement learning is to make sure that the continuation value one step before maturity is...