We consider a two stage model of doping in sport in which athletes choose how much to dope and then how much effort to exert. Payoffs are determined by an all-pay auction where the bid or score depends on ability, doping and effort. In a very general setting we show that, in equilibrium, those...

We report an experiment on a decision task by SAMUELSON and BAZERMAN (1985). Subjects submit a bid for an item with an unknown value. A winner s curse phenomenon arises when subjects bid too high and make losses. Learning direction theory can account for this. However, other influences on...