Traffic flow modeling is an elusive example for the emergence of complexity in dynamical systems of interacting objects. In this work, we introduce an extension of the Nagel–Schreckenberg (NaSch) model of vehicle traffic flow that takes into account a defensive driver’s reaction. Such a...

Using the cellular automaton traffic flow model, we investigate an unsignalized intersection which consists of two perpendicular one-lane roads. Both the roads cross at a point and the intersecting roads are cyclic. Each vehicle may pass or occupy the intersection where all the vehicles on both...