Few studies have examined the "echo effect" of early-life shocks related to prenatal malnutrition, that is, whether the legacy of such shocks is transmitted to the next generation. This study addresses this gap by leveraging extreme malnutrition during the Great Leap Forward famine in China, and...

Few studies have examined the "echo effect" of early-life shocks related to prenatal malnutrition, that is, whether the legacy of such shocks is transmitted to the next generation. This study addresses this gap by leveraging extreme malnutrition during the Great Leap Forward famine in China, and...

Few studies have examined the "echo effect" of early-life shocks related to prenatal malnutrition, that is, whether the legacy of such shocks is transmitted to the next generation. This study addresses this gap by leveraging extreme malnutrition during the Great Leap Forward famine in China, and...

Attending kindergarten (KG) has been shown to have persistent benefits, but the peer effects of KG remain largely unexplored. We fill this gap in the literature by using nationally representative panel data on a cohort of middle-school students (grade 7) in China. We demonstrate that when peers...

Attending kindergarten (KG) has been shown to have persistent benefits, but the peer effects of KG remain largely unexplored. We fill this gap in the literature by using nationally representative panel data on a cohort of middle-school students (grade 7) in China. We demonstrate that when peers...