In this article, we assume a union of countries where each national economy interacts with the others. We propose a new model where (a) delayed variables are incorporated into the system of equations and (b) the interaction element is restricted into the annual governmental expenditure that is...

In this paper, we study the stability of equilibrium for a foreign trade model consisting of three countries. As the gravity equation has been proven an excellent tool of analysis and adequately stable over time and space all over the world, we further enhance the problem to three masses. We use...

In this paper, we study the stability of equilibrium for a foreign trade model consisting of three countries. As the gravity equation has been proven an excellent tool of analysis and adequately stable over time and space all over the world, we further enhance the problem to three masses. We use...