The COVID-19 shock has underscored the importance of digital tools for enhancing the effectiveness and efficiency of social protection systems. Cross-country evidence suggests that digital IDs linked with bank and/or mobile money accounts can improve the delivery of social protection programs...

As the pace of digitalization and automation accelerates globally, and more disruptive innovations in machine learning, artificial intelligence and robotics are expected, new data sources and measurement tools are needed to complement existing valuable statistics and administrative data. This is...

Many studies have suggested a positive and monotonic relationship between technological progress and wage income inequality since 1980s for industrialized economies. We examine this topic in the context of the Chinese economy where new generation technologies like automation, AI and...

This paper studies the effect of digitalization on consumption inequality. We assemble a novel dataset of digital technology in the consumption basket of US households and establish a new stylized fact: High-income households have a higher consumption share of digital products than low-income...

In a world where financial capital serves as the backbone of individual and societal economic health, understanding the mechanisms that can stimulate or hinder its accumulation is critical. This study explores how the accessibility of banking services and the integration of digital finance can...

This paper studies how digitalization affects consumption inequality. We assemble a novel dataset of digital technology used in the production process, link it to US consumption data and establish a new stylized fact: High-income households consume a higher share of digitally produced products...

In recent years, there has been a controversial debate on how the rapid diffusion of digital technologies affects labour productivity in advanced economies. Using a multi-sector dynamic general equilibrium model, we show that cumulative labour productivity growth in the United States, Germany...

China's digital economy is developing rapidly, and the scale of e-commerce is leading in the world. Data and information technology services are widely used in the sales and retail industry, but there is still a large gap in promoting enterprise activities, especially the digital transformation...

We identify key drivers of digital adoption, estimate fiscal costs to provide internet subsidies to households, and calculate social dividends from digital adoption. Using cross-country panel regressions and machine learning, we find that digital infrastructure coverage, internet price, and...

Information processing has been defined as “the change (processing) of information in any manner detect- able by an observer, a process that describes everything that happens in the universe, from the falling of a rock to the printing of a text file from a digital computer system.” Human...