This study examines the stochastic properties of German green and brown stock prices; more specifically, fractional integration methods are applied to daily data on representative green and brown stock indices for the Berlin, Dusseldorf, Frankfurt, Gettex, Munich, and Stuttgart stock exchanges...

In this research, we examined whether appreciation and depreciation in oil price, interest rate, exchange rate, industrial production, and inflation have the same effects on the stock market returns by using nonlinear autoregressive distributed lag (nonlinear ARDL). All nine economic sectors and...

This paper applies a newly developed LM unit root test based on residual augmented least squares (RALS) regression under structural break and Bayer–Hanck cointegration approach to explore the integrating properties and to check whether a long run relationship exists among energy demand,...