Does schooling pay off? - a seemingly straightforward question, but it is in fact a puzzle among economists. Answers would differ based on how the returns to schooling are estimated. Among the top concerns is whether such estimations have any causal connotation between the amount of schooling...

Econometric analyses in the happiness literature typically use subjective well-being (SWB) data to compare the mean of observed or latent happiness across samples. Recent critiques show that com-paring the mean of ordinal data is only valid under strong assumptions that are usually rejected by...