Teen out-of-wedlock mothers have lower education and earnings than peers who have children later. This study uses the National Educational Longitudinal Survey of 1988 (NELS) to examine the extent to which the apparent effects of out-of-wedlock teen fertility are due to pre- existing...

This paper uses the General Social Survey and the comparison between the National Longitudinal Surveys of Young Men and of Youth to measure how returns to young men's family background have changed from the late 1970s to the late 1980s and early 1990s. Coming from a wealth family and having a...

Growing up in a family that lacks a biological father is correlated with a number of poor outcomes for youths. This study uses the National Educational Longitudinal Survey of 1988 to examine the extent to which differences in income or in parental involvement can explain the effects of family...