Developing models to detect financial statement fraud involves challenges related to (i) the rarity of fraud observations, (ii) the relative abundance of explanatory variables identified in the prior literature, and (iii) the broad underlying definition of fraud. Following the emerging data...

Prior research finds that sell-side analysts are generally willing partners with company management in facilitating the consistent meeting or beating of earnings expectations. We examine analysts who demonstrate the opposite behavior: issuing an unusually optimistic earnings forecast at the end...