A Markov Chain model can be used to model loan defaults because loans move through delinquency states as the borrower fails to make monthly payments. The transition matrix contains in each location a probability that a borrower in a given state one month moves to the possible delinquency states...

This note argues that a Bayesian framework is almost inescapable when specifying statistical models of the LISREL type, i.e. models involving not only latent and manifest variables but also incidental parameters. Indeed, a careful specification, making every hypothesis explicit and...

This paper analyses how the institutional processes, the school management as well as the contexts in which the school and the students are circumscribed, could impact the performance in the high-school graduation-year test (ICFES). A survey was applied with the purpose of know the actions and...

Under a two-level hierarchical model, suppose that the distribution of the random parameter is known or can be estimated well. Data are generated via a fixed, but unobservable realization of this parameter. In this paper, we derive the smallest confidence region of the random parameter under a...