The capital market is a reflexive dynamical input/output construct whose output (time series) is usually assessed by an index of roughness known as Hurst’s exponent (H). Oddly enough, H has no theoretical foundation, but recently it has been found experimentally to vary from persistence (H ...

In extant financial market models, including the Black-Scholes’ contruct, the dramatic events of October 1987 and August 2007 are totally unexpected, because these models are based on the assumptions of ‘independent price fluctuations’ and the existence of some ‘fixed-point...

The Kolmogorov-Mandelbrot-van Ness Process is a zero mean Gaussian process indexed by the Hurst Parameter (H). When it models financial data, a controversy arises as to whether or not financial data exhibit short or long-range dependence. This paper argues that the Mixed Fractional Brownian is a...