A player's knowledge of her own actions and the corresponding own payoffs may enable her to infer or form belief about what the payoffs would have been if she had played differently. In studies of low-information game settings, however, players' ex-post inferences and beliefs have been largely...

Learning in real life is based on different processes. Humans learn to a certain extent from their own experience but also learn by observing what non directly related others have done. In this paper we propose a generalized payoff assessment learning (GPAL) model which enables us to evaluate...

A player׳s knowledge of her own actions and the corresponding payoffs may enable her to infer or form beliefs about what the payoffs would have been if she had played differently. For quantitative learning models employed in studies of low information environments, players׳ ex-post inferences...