I estimate the annual local government spending multiplier to range from 2.22 to 0.72 and the accumulated multiplier, which is the total increase of local output per 1 RMB increase of local government spending during 2001-2019, to be 11.8 at the prefecture city level in China, where government...

I estimate the present value of local GDP increases by about 11.4 RMB for 1 RMB increase of government spending during 2001-2019 at the prefecture city level in China, where the local governments play an active role in increasing economic growth but are financially constrained. To achieve...