"The questions such as, 'why the focuses of national policies vary significantly across countries, although their sources of policies are to a great extent identical'; 'why national development experiences mostly cannot be transplanted successfully among countries'; 'why some ineffective...

1. Introduction -- 2. Basic definitions and theoretical conceptions of institutional economics -- 3. A theory of the emergence of institutions -- 4. A model of networks of institutions -- 5. Varieties of policy reactions to the recent financial and economic crises and national systems of...