A class of models of opinion formation based on the concept of cellular automata and the theory of social impact is studied, in particular the case when a strong leader and external impact are present. The rapid changes of the opinion distribution with a continuous change of a system parameter,...

We study phase transitions in models of opinion formation which are based on the social impact theory. Two different models are discussed: (i) a cellular-automata-based model of a finite group with a strong leader where persons can change their opinions but not their spatial positions, and (ii)...

The optimal velocity traffic model is generalized to the power-law type of the optimal velocity. The phase transition among the freely moving phase, the coexisting phase, and the homogeneous congested phase is investigated by computer simulation and the linear stability theory. Phase diagrams...

We study a model of opinion formation based on the theory of social impact and the concept of cellular automata. The case is considered when two strong agents influence the group: a strong leader and an external social impact acting uniformly on every individual. There are two basic stationary...

The critical behaviour of thin films containing quenched random impurities and inhomogeneities is investigated by the renormalization-group method to the one-loop order within the framework of the n-component φ4-model. The finite-size crossover in impure films has been considered on the basis...

The car following models are extended to take into account the characteristics of different vehicles. The characteristic of each car can be included in the parameter of the dimensionless delay time. The traffic behavior is investigated, analytically and numerically, under the periodic boundary...

The traffic states are investigated for the noisy traffic flow in the presence of a bottleneck under the open boundary condition. The phase diagrams of the different kinds of congested traffic are presented for different values of sensitivity (the inverse of delay time). It is shown that the...