After the start of transition, in Central European Economies the restructuring process of large state enterprizes was accompanied by high unemployment all through the '90s. Social policy expenditures, particularly targeted to the non-employed, grew faster than expected due to the need to finance...

In this paper, we introduce our survey of 437 Russian industrial enterprises, 1997-1999. We gathered data on enterprise performance, both qualitative and quantitative, and four determining features of the Russian industrial environment - ownership structure (state, insider, outsider);...